A Server Maintenance and setting

TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) are a group of protocols that govern data communications computer on the Internet. Computers are connected to the internet to communicate with TCP / IP, because it uses the same language differences in the type of computer and operating system is not a problem. PC computer with Windows operating system can communicate with Macintosh computers or with a Sun SPARC running Solaris. So, if a computer using TCP / IP and is connected directly to the internet, then the computer can be connected to a computer anywhere in the world who are also connected to the internet.

The characteristics of computer networks:

1. Sharing the hardware (hardware).

2. Sharing software (the software).

3. Shared communication channels (internet).

4. Share data with ease.

5. Facilitate communication between network users.

 

Local Area Network (LAN) is the number of computers that are connected together in one particular area that is not so broad, as in an office or building. Broadly speaking there are two types of network or LAN, the network Peer to Peer and Client-Server networks.

 

In peer to peer network, each computer connected to the network can act both as a workstation or server. While on Client-Server network, only one computer served as a server and other computers acting as workstations. Between these two types of networks each have advantages and disadvantages, in which each will be described.

 

LANs are composed of several basic elements which include hardware and software components, namely:

 

1. Physical Components

Personal Computer (PC), Network Interface Card (NIC), cable, network topology.

 

2. Software Components

Network Operating System, Network Adapter Drivers, Network Protocols.

IP address and subnet mask can be assigned automatically using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or condition manually. DHCP function to assign IP addresses automatically on computers that use TCP / IP. DHCP works with the client-server relationship, where the DHCP server provides a group of IP addresses that can be given to the DHCP client. In providing this IP address, DHCP only lend IP address. So this last provision of the IP address dynamically.

Network topology is the physical picture of the pattern of relationships between network components, which include servers, workstations, hubs and wirings. There are three kinds of commonly used network topology, i.e. Bus, Star and Ring.

 

Bus Topology

 

The bus topology is used on a single cable or wire center where all the workstations and servers are connected. Bus topology advantages is the development of a network or adding new workstations can be done easily without disturbing other workstations. The drawback of this topology is that if there is a disturbance along the center of the entire cable network will have the disorder.

 

- Star Topology

 

In a star topology, each workstation connected directly to the server or hub.

 

The advantages of this topology is that the Star type with a separate cable for each workstation to the server, the bandwidth or the width of the lines of communication within the cable will be more wide that will improve overall network performance. And also if there is a disturbance in a cable line then interference will only occur in the communication between the workstation is concerned with the server, the network as a whole is not impaired. The weakness of the star topology is the need for a larger cable than other topologies.

 

- Ring Topology

 

In the ring topology all workstations and servers are connected to form a circle or ring patterns. Each workstation or server will receive and pass information from one computer to another, if the addresses match then the information is received and if no information will be passed. The drawback of this topology is that every node in the network will always come and manage the information passed in the network, so if there is a disturbance in a node then the entire network will be disrupted. The advantage of ring topology is not collision or collisions such as data transmission on the bus topology, since only one node can transmit data at a time.

Personal computer type used in the network will largely determine the performance of the network. Computers with high performance will be able to send and access data in the network quickly. In the Client-Server network type, which functioned as a server computer absolutely must have a higher performance than other computers as its workstation, because the server will be responsible for providing facilities and manage the network operations.

 

Network Interface Card (NIC)

 

Based on the type of bus, there are several types of network interface card (nic) or a network card, the ISA and PCI. Currently there are many types of network cards are used, the PCI.

 

 

Ethernet

 

In a network with access protocol CSMA / CD or Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection, a node (A) which sends the data to examine the first condition of the data path. If there is no flow of data / empty then the node will send its data and if the other node (B) which is using the data path node (A) will wait and will try to check back. The access protocol is possible at a time of multiple nodes to transmit simultaneously, resulting in a collision or a collision. In such conditions the nodes transmit data will be canceled and will try again when the line is not busy.

 

Network Adapter Card

 

Each network card will have a driver or program that serves to activate and configure the network adapter is adapted to the environment where the network card is installed so that can be used to perform data communication.