A Server Maintenance and setting

In general, a computer network is divided into five types, namely:

1. Local Area Network (LAN): Local Area Network (LAN), a privately owned networks within a building or campus-sized to several kilometers. LANs are often used to connect personal computers and workstations in a corporate office or factories in order to use the shared resource and information.

2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), basically a LAN version of the larger and usually use the same technology with LAN. MAN can include corporate offices are located adjacent or also a city and can be used for private purposes (private) or public. MAN capable of supporting both voice and data, such as printers) and exchange can even be associated with cable television networks.

3. Wide Area Network (WAN) Wide Area Network (WAN), its scope covers a wide geographical area, often covering a country or even continent. WAN consists of a collection that aims to run the programs (applications) users.

4. Internet: Actually there are many in this world networks, often using hardware and software that is different. People who are connected to the network often expect to be able to communicate with others connected to other networks. Desires such as these require the relationship between networks that are often not compatible and different. Usually to do this required a machine called the gateway to make connections and perform the necessary translation, both hardware and software. Collection of interconnected networks is called the Internet.

5. Wireless Networking: Networking without wires is a solution to wholesale that can not be done with a wired network. For example, people who want to get information or to communicate despite being on top of a car or plane, it is absolutely necessary because the cable network without a wired connection may not be made in the car or airplane. Currently the network without wires has been rapidly adopted by utilizing satellite services and is able to provide faster access speeds than a wired network.

To manage a network, network operating system is required. Network operating system is divided into two types based on its network, i.e. client-server operating systems and network operating system peer to peer.

 

1. Client-Server Network

 

Servers are computers that provide facilities for other computers on the network and the clients are computers that receive or use the facilities provided by the server. On network Server, client-server type is called a Dedicated Server as a pure act as a server that provides the facility to the workstation and the server can not serve as a workstation.

Excellence

1. Higher access speeds due to the provision of network facilities and management carried out exclusively by a single computer (server) that is not burdened with other tasks as a workstation.

 

2. Security system and network administration is better, because there is a user who acts as a network administrator, who manages the administration and network security systems.

 

3. Data backup system is better, because the network client-server backups performed centrally at the server, which will backup all data used in the network.

 

Weakness

1. Operational costs are relatively more expensive.

2. Required the presence of one specific computer that enabled more to be assigned as a server.

3. Continuity of the network is very dependent on the server, if the server to crash the whole network will be disrupted.

To simplify usage, depending on the needs of users, IP addresses are divided into three classes.

 

 

Class A IP address given to the network with a very large number of hosts. IP Range 1.xxx.xxx.xxx. – 126.xxx.xxx.xxx, there were 16,777,214 (16 million) IP address in each class A. The IP address given for the class A network with a very large number of hosts. In class A IP address, network ID is the first 8 bits, while the host ID is 24 bits next. Thus, how to read a class A IP address, for example, 113.46.5.6 is:

 

Network ID = 113

Host ID = 46.5.6

 

So the above means the host IP address number 46.5.6 on the network number 113.

 

Class B IP address is usually allocated for medium to large sized networks. In class B IP address, network ID is 16 bits first, while the host ID is 16 bits next. Thus, how to read a class B IP address, for example 132.92.121.1

Network ID = 132.92

Host ID = 121.1

 

So the IP address above mean numbers 121.1 hosts on the network number 132.92. with a length of 16 bits of host ID, IP address networks with class B can accommodate about 65,000 hosts. IP Range 128.0.xxx.xxx – 191.155.xxx.xxx

 

Class C IP address originally used for small networks (LANs). Host ID is the last 8 bits. With this configuration, can be formed about 2 million networks with each network has 256 IP addresses. IP Range 192.0.0.xxx – 223.255.255.x. allocating an IP address is basically the process of selecting the network id and host ID that is right for a network. This exact configuration depends on the objectives to be achieved, namely to allocate IP addresses as efficiently as possible.